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Last Update: Sat Sep 30 06:53:29 2006

- Evolution - Major steps in cell evolution: palaeontological, molecular and cellular evidence of their timing and global effects. Papers from a discussion meeting at the Royal Society. September 26-27, 2005. London, United Kingdom. - Evolution - Major steps in cell evolution: palaeontological, molecular and cellular evidence of their timing and global ...

- Evolution - Pulmonary capillaritis and its relationship to development of emphysema in hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. - Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare disorder characterised by complement activation and [...] obstructive airways disease. We suggest that there is a role for ongoing immunosuppressive therapy in these patients.

- Evolution - A nonmechanical etiology: The adhesive design concept. - Advances in restorative material formulations and adhesive technology have expanded and created new treatment [...] resin placement. This article illustrates these considerations for placing a Class I posterior composite restoration.

- Evolution - Evolution of male-killer suppression in a natural population. - Male-killing bacteria are widespread in arthropods, and can profoundly alter the reproductive biology of their host [...] so in the past, and thus that more species have had their biology affected by these parasites than previously believed.

- Evolution - Shavenbaby couples patterning to epidermal cell shape control. - It is well established that developmental programs act during embryogenesis to determine animal morphogenesis. How [...] new light on molecular mechanisms acting during morphogenesis and the way they can influence evolution of animal forms.

- Evolution - Dorsoventral patterning in hemichordates: insights into early chordate evolution. - We have compared the dorsoventral development of hemichordates and chordates to deduce the organization of their common [...] of the germ layers, including neural cell fates within a diffuse nervous system. Accordingly, centralization was added

- Evolution - Modeling Somatic Evolution in Tumorigenesis. - Tumorigenesis in humans is thought to be a multistep process where certain mutations confer a selective advantage, [...] and cellular makeup of the resulting tumor and how the cellular-level population dynamics drive neoplastic evolution.

- Evolution - Expansion of Protein Domain Repeats. - Many proteins, especially in eukaryotes, contain tandem repeats of several domains from the same family. These repeats [...] families can possibly be explained by shuffling of exons. However, exon shuffling could not have created all repeats.

- Evolution - On the nature of man and disaster. - ABSTRACT : Unique among animals, humans survive not by superb physical adaptation to our environment, but rather by [...] weather, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and even meteorite impacts represent threats of varying degrees of risk.

- Evolution - Ultrastructural and molecular identification of a new Rickettsia endosymbiont in the springtail Onychiurus sinensis (Hexapoda, Collembola). - In this paper we provide microscopic and molecular evidence for the presence of an endosymbiontic bacterium in male and [...] isolated in various arthropods have rapidly evolved and diversified in what appears to be a sudden burst of evolution.

- Evolution - Investigation of the electron transfer site of p-benzoquinone in isolated photosystem II particles and thylakoid membranes using alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. - The electron transfer sites of p-benzoquinone (pBQ) and 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DCBQ) were investigated in [...] An attractive alternative hypothesis is the direct interaction of pBQ with the non-haem Fe(2+) between Q(A) and Q(B).

- Evolution - Human microRNA clusters: Genomic organization and expression profile in leukemia cell lines. - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in diverse physiological and developmental processes by negatively regulating [...] oncogenesis, and provide clues for understanding the function and mechanism of miRNAs in various biological processes.

- Evolution - The evolution of atrial fibrillation ablation from triggers to substrate. - The surgical approach to treat atrial fibrillation involves compartmentalizing the atrium. By dividing the atrium into [...] valve annulus. The technique appears to be more analogous to the surgical model, now isolating triggers as well as pre

- Evolution - Arachnid toxinology in Australia: From clinical toxicology to potential applications. - The unique geographic isolation of Australia has resulted in the evolution of a distinctive range of Australian [...] toxins produced by such a unique group of arachnids and examines the potential applications of these novel peptides.

- Evolution - Early blindness results in abnormal corticocortical and thalamocortical connections. - Studies in congenitally blind and bilaterally enucleated individuals show that an early loss of sensory driven activity [...] formidable constraints imposed on the developing cortex that highly restrict the types of evolutionary change possible.

- Evolution - Eukaryotic transcription factors in plastids - Bioinformatic assessment and implications for the evolution of gene expression machineries in plants. - The expression of genes in higher plant chloroplasts includes a complex transcriptional regulation which can be [...] An evolutionary model of how this could have emerged during endosymbiosis in a timely coordinated manner is proposed.

- Evolution - Echocardiographic diagnosis of carcinoid disease: Exceptional evolution after ovarian tumor resection without cardiac surgery. - There are very few cases described in literature with carcinoid heart disease caused by a pure ovarian tumor. Right [...] valve replacement and with regression of tricuspid and pulmonary injury. Echocardiography was the diagnostic clue.

- Evolution - In vitro evolution of proteins. - Consecutive rounds of diversification and selection of the fittest is believed to be the main driving force for the [...] with improved or altered biophysical properties, and may even allow the generation of proteins with novel functions.

- Evolution - Natural Selection for Kinetic Stability Is a Likely Origin of Correlations between Mutational Effects on Protein Energetics and Frequencies of Amino Acid Occurrences in Sequence Alignments. - It appears plausible that natural selection constrains, to some extent at least, the stability in many natural [...] the energetic optimization of native-state residue environments in regions, which become disrupted in the transiti

- Evolution - Glatiramer acetate (GA) therapy induces a focused, oligoclonal CD8+ T-cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis. - We have demonstrated that GA therapy induces a differential upregulation of GA-specific, cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+ [...] evolution of their repertoire. This clonotypic and functional analysis provides mechanistic insights into GA therapy.

- Evolution - Adhesion contact kinetics of HepG2 cells during Hepatitis B virus replication: Involvement of SH3-binding motif in HBX. - It has been shown that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication directly alters the expression of key [...] together, our results suggest that HBX is involved in the cytoskeletal reorganization in response to HBV replication.

- Evolution - A comparison of glycans and polyglycans using solid-state NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. - Individual polyglycans and their corresponding monomers have been studied separately for several decades. Attention has [...] Evolution Resolution (TIGER). Structural changes in the crystalline framework were supported by XRPD diffraction data.

- Evolution - The evolution of osteoarthritis in 103 patients with ACL reconstruction at 17 years follow-up. - AIM: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of a bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament [...] plus extra-articular tenodesis is good in the very long term, particularly in knees with a preserved medial meniscus.

- Evolution - Revascularizing the upper basilar circulation with saphenous vein grafts: operative technique and lessons learned. - BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report our operative technique and lessons learned using saphenous vein [...] patient selection criteria, graft patency, and patient outcomes have been relatively constant over the past 25 years.

- Evolution - What the Primary Care Pediatrician Should Know about Syndromes Associated with Exposures to Mycotoxins. - Disease associated with exposure to mycotoxins is known as the "Great Masquerader" of the 21st century because of its [...] of exposures to these natural toxins helps pediatricians to serve as better advocates for children and families.

- Evolution - Evolution of transmembrane protein kinases implicated in coordinating remodelling of Gram-positive peptidoglycan: inside versus outside. - Members of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs), unique to Gram-positive bacteria, comprise an [...] domain, allowing an STPK to coordinate peptidoglycan remodelling and reproduction of a complex cell wall structure.

- Evolution - Rapid in situ evolution of nodulating strains through lateral transfer of a symbiosis island from the original mesorhizobial inoculant for Biserrula pelecinus L. - Diverse rhizobia able to nodulate Biserrula pelecinus evolved following in situ transfer of nodA and nifH from the [...] integrase gene adjacent to a Phe-tRNA in both inoculant and recipients indicate lateral transfer of a symbiosis island.

- Evolution - Structural basis for the fast maturation of Arthropoda green fluorescent protein. - Since the cloning of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) in 1992, a family of known GFP-like proteins has [...] Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that this feature is critical for the fast maturation of the chromophore.

- Evolution - Identifying sites under positive selection with uncertain parameter estimates. - Codon-based substitution models are routinely used to measure selective pressures acting on protein-coding genes. To [...] detect amino acids under selection should be carefully selected, for instance using Akaike information criterion (AIC).

- Evolution - Molecular and cytological characterization of ribosomal RNA genes in Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri. - The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are valuable as chromosome landmarks and in [...] evolution of this species. C. berlandieri exhibited variation in both NOR and 5S rRNA loci without changes in ploidy.

- Evolution - Origin and evolution of Andigena potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers. - Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected [...] origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.

- Evolution - Petrography of gypsum-bearing facies of the Codó Formation (Late Aptian), Northern Brazil. - An original and detailed study focusing the petrography of evaporites from the Late Aptian deposits exposed in the [...] evaporite formation in the study area, resulting from either intrastratal waters or surface waters during weathering.

- Evolution - The evolution of Neoproterozoic magmatism in Southernmost Brazil: shoshonitic, high-K tholeiitic and silica-saturated, sodic alkaline volcanism in post-collisional basins. - The Neoproterozoic shoshonitic and mildly alkaline bimodal volcanism of Southernmost Brazil is represented by rock [...] sources in southern Brazil is put in evidence by Nb-negative anomalies and isotope features typical of EM1 sources.

- Evolution - Surgical aspects of congestive heart failure. - Despite tremendous advances in the medical management of congestive heart failure the gold standard for the treatment [...] is likely to one day have a significant epidemiologic impact on patients suffering from end stage heart failure.

- Evolution - Influence of Fe concentration in the medium on multicellular pollen grains and haploid plants induced by mannitol pretreatment in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). - This study aims to clarify the short- and long-term effects of the iron concentration in the medium on androgenesis [...] Fe concentrations was evaluated in order to estimate the optimum concentration for isolated microspore culture.

- Evolution - Conventional and novel modes of exine patterning in members of the Araceae - the consequence of ecological paradigm shifts? - In the family Araceae, the members of all subfamilies except Aroideae follow the conventional mode of exine formation [...] pollen, an energetically not costly pollen wall, rapid germination of pollen tube, and brief receptivity of stigma.

- Evolution - Foetal heart rate power spectrum response to uterine contraction. - Cardiotocography is the most diffused prenatal diagnostic technique in clinical routine. The simultaneous recording of [...] can be a sign of ANS reaction and, therefore, additional, objective information about foetal reactivity during labour.

- Evolution - Mathematical modeling of fracture healing in mice: comparison between experimental data and numerical simulation results. - The combined use of experimental and mathematical models can lead to a better understanding of fracture healing. In [...] administration of growth factors was modeled to demonstrate the potential therapeutic value of this mathematical model.

- Evolution - A role for genetic accommodation in evolution? - Whether evolutionary change can occur by genetic assimilation, or more generally by genetic accommodation, remains [...] acts and how often it is involved in evolutionary change. BioEssays 28: 868-873, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

- Evolution - PAMP recognition and the plant-pathogen arms race. - Plants have evolved systems analogous to animal innate immunity that recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns [...] against pathogen manipulation; the arms race continues. BioEssays 28: 880-889, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

- Evolution - The role of mitochondrial respiration in physiological and evolutionary adaptation. - Aerobic mitochondria serve as the power sources of eukaryotes by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation [...] cues to selection on mitochondrial haplotype variation. BioEssays 28: 890-901, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

- Evolution - Common and divergent pathways in alternative developmental processes of ascidians. - Colonial ascidians offer opportunities to investigate how developmental events are integrated to generate the animal [...] for new developmental processes, such as blastogenesis. BioEssays 28: 902-912, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

- Bioinformatics - One Year of PLoS Computational Biology. - Bioinformatics - One Year of PLoS Computational ...

- Bioinformatics - Applying computational modeling to drug discovery and development. - Computational models of cells, tissues and organisms are necessary for increased understanding of biological systems. [...] how companies can employ these computational models to improve the efficiency of transforming targets into therapies.

- Bioinformatics - Annual Progress in Bioinformatics 2006. - Bioinformatics - Annual Progress in Bioinformatics ...

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